Electrical apparatuses, methods of forming electrical apparatuses, and termite sensing methods

ABSTRACT

The invention encompasses an electrical apparatus. Such apparatus includes RFID circuitry on a first substrate, and sensor circuitry on a second substrate. A receiving structure is associated with one of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry, and at least one connecting structure is associated with the other of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry. The at least one connecting structure is removable received within the receiving structure. The invention also encompasses a method of forming an electrical apparatus. A first substrate and a second substrate are provided. The first substrate has RFID circuitry thereon, and the second substrate has sensing circuitry thereon. A receptacle is joined with one of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry, and has at least one orifice extending therein. At least one prong is joined with the other of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry. The prong is removably inserted within the receptacle to electrically connect the RFID circuitry with the sensing circuitry.

RELATED PATENT DATA

This patent resulted from a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 09/754,857, filed Jan. 4, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,515,591; which isa divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/433,514,now U.S. Pat. No. 6,255,959, which was filed on Nov. 3, 1999; and whichis a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/373,457, which was filed on Aug. 12, 1999, and is now U.S. Pat. No.6,373,391.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention pertains to electrical apparatuses, termite sensingmethods, and methods of forming electrical apparatuses.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A prior art apparatus and method for detecting termite infestation isdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. A termite detection device 10is shown in an assembled configuration and inserted within the ground 12in FIG. 1, and is shown in a disassembled configuration in FIG. 2.Device 10 comprises an outer receptacle 14 having a plurality oforifices 16 (only some of which are labeled) extending therethrough. Acap (or lid) 18 is provided to cover the top of receptacle 14.Preferably receptacle 14 is inserted into the ground to a depth at whichcap 18 will rest approximately at a surface of the ground.

A pair of wooden blocks 20 and 22 are provided within receptacle 14, andconstitute “bait” for termites proximate device 10. A holder 24 isprovided between blocks of wood 20 and 22 and comprises a shelf 26 uponwhich blocks 20 and 22 rest. Holder 24 and blocks 20 and 22 togethercomprise an assembly 27 which can be removably inserted into receptacle14.

Holder 24 comprises a portion 28 which protrudes upwardly beyond blocks20 and 22 in the assembled configuration of FIG. 1. Portion 28 comprisesan eye 30 (shown in FIG. 2) which can simplify removal of assembly 27from receptacle 14 using a tool with a hook.

In operation, receptacle 14 is inserted into ground 12, and blocks 20and 22 are subsequently left in receptacle 14 for a period of time.Blocks 20 and 22 function as a sensing apparatus to determine if atermite infestation is present in an area proximate device 10.Specifically, if termites are present, such will penetrate throughorifices 16 to reach wooden blocks 20 and 22. The termites will thenburrow into the wooden blocks 20 and 22.

At regular intervals, cap 18 is removed and blocks 20 and 22 withdrawnfrom device 14. Blocks 20 and 22 are then surveyed for termite-inflicteddamage, and possibly the presence of termites themselves.

Generally, a number of apparatuses 10 will be spread around a givenlocation, such as, for example, a house or other wooden structure. Eachof the apparatuses will be checked at a regular interval to determine ifa termite infestation is occurring proximate the structure. Also, eachof the devices will be mapped relative to one another, and relative tothe structure. A comparison of the amount of termite-inflicted damageoccurring at the respective devices 10 can then enable a person todetermine an approximate localized region of any occurring termiteinfestation. It can be advantageous to pinpoint a localized region ofinfestation as such can limit an amount of pesticide utilized fordestroying the termites.

Difficulties can occur in monitoring the amount of termite-inflicteddamage occurring at each of the many devices 10 provided around astructure. For instance, it can be difficult to regularly and accuratelydocument the amount of damage at each of the devices. As an example, itcan be difficult to remember exactly which of the various devicescorrelates to a specific location on a map of the devices. As anotherexample, it can be difficult to accurately record a reading oftermite-inflicted damage associated with an individual device. As yetanother example, it can be tedious and time-consuming to open all of thereceptacles 14 proximate a given structure and manually check the blocks20 and 22 within the receptacles for termite-inflicted damage.

One method of reducing the above-discussed difficulties is to providebar codes on the lids 18 of receptacles 14. Such bar codes can bescanned to specifically identify a particular device which can simplifycorrelating the devices to locations on a map of the devices. However,ascertaining an amount of termite-inflicted damage can still betime-consuming in that the receptacles still have to be opened and theblocks of wood manually checked to determine if termite-inflicted damagehas occurred to the wood.

A recently proposed improvement for monitoring an amount oftermite-inflicted damage in a device similar to device 10 is describedwith reference to FIGS. 3-5. Referring to FIG. 3, a sensor 40 havingcircuitry 41 provided thereon is provided in addition to, or in placeof, the blocks of wood 20 and 22 (FIGS. 1 and 2). Sensor 40 is intendedto be bent into receptacle 14 (a bent configuration is shown in FIG. 4)and to be configured such that termite-inflicted damage to sensor 40will break the circuitry associated therewith. Sensor 40 can have anumber of notches (not shown) provided therein to provide crevices fortermites to burrow in.

It is suggested that a printed wiring board 42 can be provided inelectrical connection with sensor 40, and that such printed board cancomprise circuitry corresponding to a transponder unit. The transponderunit could, for example, comprise a parallel resonant LC circuit, withsuch circuit being resonant at a carrier frequency of an interrogator.Such transponder unit can be incorporated into a passive, read-onlyradio frequency identification device (RFID) system as described withreference to FIG. 5. Specifically, FIG. 5 illustrates an RFID system 60comprising the transponder unit of printed wiring board 42 and aninterrogator 45 configured to be passed over transponder unit 42.Interrogator 45 comprises a coil antenna configured to stimulate thetransponder unit. Such coil antenna consists of one or more coils ofconductive material provided within a single plane, and can be in theform of, for example, a loop antenna.

In operation, interrogator 45 provides a carrier signal which powers(stimulates) transponder unit 42 and causes a signal to be transmittedfrom the transponder unit. The signal comprises data which identifiesthe transponder unit. Such signal can also identify if the circuitryassociated with sensor 40 has been broken. The signal is received byinterrogator 45, and eventually provided to a processing systemconfigured to decode and interpret the data. Such processing system canbe provided in a portable unit with interrogator 45, or can be providedin a separate unit to which data from interrogator 45 is subsequentlydownloaded.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the invention encompasses an electrical apparatus. Suchapparatus includes RFID circuitry on a first substrate, and sensorcircuitry on a second substrate. A receiving structure is associatedwith one of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry, and at leastone connecting structure is associated with the other of the RFIDcircuitry and the sensor circuitry. The at least one connectingstructure is removable received within the receiving structure.

In another aspect, the invention encompasses a method of forming anelectrical apparatus. A first substrate and a second substrate areprovided. The first substrate has RFID circuitry thereon, and the secondsubstrate has sensing circuitry thereon. A receptacle is joined with oneS of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry, and has at least oneorifice extending therein. At least one prong is joined with the otherof the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry. The prong is removablyinserted within the receptacle to electrically connect the RFIDcircuitry with the sensing circuitry.

In yet another aspect, the invention encompasses a method of sensingtermites. A sensing device is formed, and, includes a loop of conductivematerial between a pair of wooden blocks. A circuit board is provided,and has circuitry supported thereby. The circuitry supported by thecircuit board comprises at least a portion of a transponder unit. Areceptacle is joined to one of the circuit board and the loop ofconductive material. The receptacle has at least one orifice extendingtherein. At least one electrical plug is joined to the other of thecircuit board and the loop of conductive material. The plug is removablyinserted into the receptacle to electrically connect the loop ofconductive material to the transponder circuit. A break in the loop ofconductive material alters a signal transponded by the transpondercircuit. The sensing device is placed in the ground, and a signaltransponded by the transponder unit is monitored to determine if theloop of conductive material is broken.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below withreference to the following accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of an assembled prior arttermite sensing device embedded in the ground.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the prior art termite sensing device ofFIG. 1 in a disassembled configuration.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic side view of a prior art electronic sensorconfigured to detect termite infestation.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic side view of the sensor of FIG. 3 shown rotated90° relative to the view of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a person extracting information fromthe prior art electronic termite sensing device of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic, perspective view of a disassembled termitesensing device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an electronic sensing component of thedevice of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic end view of an assembled portion of the deviceof FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic, perspective view of a disassembled componentof a termite-sensing device in accordance with a second embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic end view of an assembly comprising thecomponent of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic, perspective view of a disassembled termitesensing device comprising the component of FIGS. 9 and 10.

FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of the termite sensingdevice of FIG. 11 in an assembled configuration and embedded in theground.

FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of another electricalapparatus encompassed by the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of a portion of yetanother embodiment electrical apparatus encompassed by the presentinvention.

FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of the FIG. 14 apparatusillustrating a method of forming the FIG. 14 apparatus.

FIG. 16 is a top view of the FIG. 15 apparatus, and shows a line 15—15along which the view of FIG. 15 is oriented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

This disclosure of the invention is submitted in furtherance of theconstitutional purposes of the U.S. Patent Laws “to promote the progressof science and useful arts” (Article 1, Section 8).

The invention pertains to improved devices for sensing changes in anenvironment proximate the devices. The changes in the environment caninclude, for example, changes in pressure, force, shock, temperature, ororganism concentration (with the term “organism” encompassing all livingcreatures and including plants, bacteria, insects, birds and mammals).Changes in pressure, force, shock and temperature can be detected by,for example, providing circuitry configured to change from a closedcircuit configuration to an open configuration when a trip point ispassed. For instance, pressure and force can be detected byincorporating a pressure transducer or accelerometer into the circuitry.In particular aspects, the invention pertains to devices configured tosense a change in a pest concentration proximate the devices. In moreparticular aspects, the invention pertains to devices configured tosense termite infestation.

A first embodiment device 100 of the present invention is described withreference to FIG. 6. Device 100 comprises a receptacle 14 of the typedescribed above with reference to the prior art, and comprises a cap 18configured to be received over an open top of receptacle 14. Device 100further comprises a pair of wooden blocks 20 and 22 of the typedescribed above with reference to the prior art, and a holder 110similar to the holder 24 described above with reference to the prior artembodiment of FIG. 1. Holder 110 can comprise, for example, plastic.Holder 110 differs from holder 24 in that holder 110 comprises a topshelf 112 in addition to a bottom shelf 114, whereas holder 24 onlycomprised a bottom shelf. In the shown embodiment, shelf 112 isconfigured with a slit 116 so that shelf 112 can be slid over a priorart holding device (such as the device 24 of FIG. 1) to form the holdingdevice 110 of the present invention. Slit 116 is, of course, optional,and the invention encompasses other embodiments (not shown) whereinshelf 112 is molded in one piece with the other components of holder110. Holder 110 can be considered as comprising a pillar 111 extendingbetween shelves 112 and 114, and an extension 113 protruding above shelf112. Extension 113 is configured to enable a person to lift holder 110by the extension, and in the shown embodiment comprises an eye 115extending therethrough. Shelf 112 preferably comprises an electricallyinsulative material, such as, for example, plastic (for instance,polypropylene).

Device 100 further comprises an electronic termite sensing loop 118 ofconductive material. In the shown embodiment, loop 118 is formed on asubstantially planar substrate 120. Loop 118 is preferably formed of amaterial which can be removed by termites. Exemplary materials areprintable materials comprising conductive particles, such as, forexample metal particles or carbon particles. Suitable materials are, forexample, silver-filled printed thick film ink and silver-filled epoxy.An exemplary silver-filled ink is Dupont Electronics 5028™ (availablefrom Dupont Electronics of Wilmington, Del.), which is a silver polymerconductor.

A material that can be preferred for utilization in forming conductiveloop 118 is a carbon-particle-containing ink (typically the particleswill consist essentially of carbon), such as, for example, a materialmarked by Dupont Electronics as 7102™ Carbon Polymer Conductor(available from Dupont Electronics of Wilmington, Del.). Thecarbon-particle-containing ink can be screen printed onto substrate 120to form loop 118.

Among the advantages of utilizing a carbon-particle-containing ink(relative to other materials, such as, for example, silver-filled inks)is that the carbon-particle-containing inks can be cheaper than otherinks, better accepted by pests (i.e., apparently more palatable to thepests), and less subject to environmental damage. Further, the inclusionof carbon inks in a circuit can lower an electrical conductivity (i.e.,raise a resistivity) of the circuit. The lowered conductivity canincrease the reliability of data obtained from the circuit. Morespecifically, circuit 118 is utilized to detect termites by determiningwhen the circuit is broken (with a broken circuit being referred to as apositive reading, and an indication of termite inflicted damage). Theinclusion of carbon-particle-containing inks in loop 118 can render thecircuit of loop 118 less susceptible to registering false negativereadings if mud or water bridges an opening in the circuit. For example,if loop 118 is included in a circuit designed to indicate a break (orseverance in the circuit) at a circuit resistance of 2 million ohms, andif the loop comprises a material with a resistance substantially lessthan 2 million ohms, a false negative status may be obtained if mud orwater is bridging a severed circuit. However, if loop 118 comprises aprinted material with a resistance about equal to the triggeringresistance of 2 million ohms, a bridge of water or mud will increaseresistance to over the triggering resistance.

It is noted that carbon-particle-containing inks can be utilized alone(such that the conductive material of loop 118 consists essentially ofcarbon particles), or can be utilized in combination with otherconductive materials (such as, for example, silver-filled inks). Theutilization of a combination of carbon-particle-containing inks andmetal-filled inks can enable a resistance of loop 118 to be adjusted toa desired value.

The material of loop 118 can be formed by combining one or more ofcarbon-particle-containing ink, a metal-containing ink, and a dielectricmaterial ink to form a resultant ink of desired electrical propertiesfor loop 118. Such resultant ink can be screen-printed onto substrate120 to form loop 118. The dielectric ink can comprise, for example,Dupont Electronics 5018™ UV curable dielectric (available from DupontElectronics of Wilmington, Del.).

Substrate 120 is preferably formed of material which can removed bytermites. Exemplary materials are polyethylene foam and paper. Theconductive material of loop 118 can be directly applied to substrate 120using, for example, screen printing methods. Substrate 120 can bepretreated prior to applying the conductive material of loop 118 oversubstrate 120. Such pretreatment can comprise, for example, flamepretreatment to promote adhesion of the conductive material to the foam.

An electrically insulative protective material 127 (only some of whichis shown in FIGS. 6 and 7) is provided over loop 118 and substrate 120to, for example, assist in retaining conductive loop 118 on substrate120 and protect conductive loop 118 from water, abrasion or otherenvironmental damage. The insulative protective material can comprise amaterial which is provided as a liquid and subsequently cured to form ahardened and electrically insulative material, or can comprise a solidadhered over the conductive loop 118. The insulative protective materialcan comprise, for example, a resin which is provided as a liquid andcured by exposure to one or more of heat, ultraviolet light and oxygen.A suitable insulative protective material is a material selected fromthe general class of epoxy resins (such as, for example, a two-partepoxy resin). Another suitable insulative protective material is amaterial selected for the general class of thick film inks. Exemplaryinsulative protective materials are Dupont 5015™ and 5018™ (availablefrom Dupont Electronics of Wilmington, Del.), with 5018™ being anultraviolet light curable dielectric material. Another exemplaryinsulative protective material is a tape adhered over loop 118 with anadhesive.

A termite attractant (such as, for example, a suitable pheromone) can beprovided in addition to the insulative protective material. Suchattractant can, for example, be formed over the insulative protectivematerial or blended within the insulative protective material. Forinstance, in embodiments in which the insulative protective materialcomprises a material which is initially provided as a liquid, theattractant can be blended within the liquid insulative protectivematerial. In other embodiments, the attractant can be provided in asolution which is sprayed or printed over a solid insulative protectivematerial.

In the shown configuration, substrate 120 comprises a pair of opposingsidewall edges 121 and 123, and a plurality of notches 122 extendinginto sidewall edges 121 and 123. Notches 122 are provided to formcrevices within which the termites can burrow.

Conductive sensing loop 118 and substrate 120 are shown in an explodedview in FIG. 7. As can be seen in such view, conductive loop 118comprises a pair of ends (130 and 132). End 130 is connected to a firstprong 134, and end 132 is connected to a second prong 136. Prongs 134and 136 comprise conductive materials, such as, for example, metal, andcan alternatively be referred to as conductive extensions.

Substrate 120 comprises a surface 119, and such surface defines a planealong which conductive sensing loop 118 extends. Sensing s loop 118 isthus a planar conductive loop. Prongs 134 and 136 extend along surface119, and accordingly extend along the plane defined by surface 119.Further, prongs 134 and 136 comprise portions 138 and 140, respectively,which extend beyond surface 119, but which continue to extend along theplane defined by surface 119.

In the shown embodiment, substrate 120 comprises a generally rectangularshape, having opposing sides 121 and 123, and opposing ends 141 and 143.Prongs 134 and 136 extend outwardly from end 143.

Referring again to FIG. 6, device 100 further comprises a circuit board150 having circuitry (not shown in FIG. 6) supported thereby and a pairof orifices (152 and 154) extending therethrough. Board 150 can beconsidered as a circuit support. Shelf 112 has a pair of orifices 156and 158 extending therethrough, and configured to be aligned withorifices 152 and 154 of circuit board 150. In operation, device 100 isassembled by providing substrate 120 within holder 114 such that prongs134 and 136 extend through orifices 156, 158, 152 and 154 to retaincircuit board 150 atop shelf 112. Circuit board 150 can then be adheredto shelf 112 and/or prongs 134 and 136. In an exemplary embodiment,circuit board 150 is adhered to prongs 134 and 135 with solder. Blocks20 and 22 are subsequently provided within holder 110 to form anassembly 160 which can be removably inserted within receptacle 14. Inalternative terminology, assembly 160 can be referred to as a compositeblock 160 which comprises wooden blocks 20 and 22, and planar sensingloop 118. Composite block 160 comprises an outer periphery extendingaround edges 121, 123, 141 and 143 of substrate 120, and prongs 134 and136 extend outwardly from such outer periphery.

In preferred embodiments, the circuitry supported by circuit board 150comprises at least a portion of a transponder unit and is configured tobe incorporated into a passive RFID system. A suitable transponder unitcan comprise an antenna, capacitor and circuit. In the shown embodiment,an antenna 155 is provided externally of the circuitry supported byboard 150. A suitable circuit board/transponder unit assembly can beconstructed utilizing methodology described in U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 08/705,043, filed Aug. 29, 1996, which is assigned to theassignee of the present invention and hereby incorporated by reference.An interrogator (such as the interrogator 45 of FIG. 5) can be passedover the transponder unit associated with board 150 to cause a signal tobe sent from the transponder unit to the interrogator. In such preferredapplications, a loop antenna (not shown) can be provided on shelf 112and in electrical connection with the transponder unit.

A signal sent from the transponder unit associated with board 150 to theinterrogator can identify the particular transponder unit, and can alsoidentify if conductive loop 118 is broken (i.e., if the conductive loophas changed from being a closed circuit component to being an opencircuit component). For instance, the transponder unit can be configuredsuch that a break in circuit 118 will change an ID number of thetransponder unit. As an example, the transponder unit can be configuredto have a normal ID number of 12345 and be configured such that openingof circuit 118 will change such number to 54321. Alternatively, thetransponder unit can be configured such that a break in circuit 118 willtranspose the first and last ID numbers of the transponder, the firsttwo numbers of the transponder, the last two numbers of the transponderunit, etc.

By having a signal from the transponder unit change with a break incircuit 118, device 100 can indicate if damage has occurred to loop 118through a signal sent to an interrogator. Such can enable personsutilizing the device to ascertain if termites are present without havingto remove blocks 20 and 22 from receptacle 14, and even without havingto remove the lid 18 from receptacle 14. Once damage to circuit 118 isdetected with an interrogator, persons can remove assembly 160 andquantitate an amount of damage occurring within blocks 20 and 22 todetermine an extent of a termite infestation.

A preferred orientation of circuit board 150 relative to substrate 120is shown in FIG. 8. Specifically, FIG. 8 illustrates a top,cross-sectional view of assembly 160. The cross-sectional view extendsthrough holder 110 at a location above shelf 112. In such view it can beseen that circuit board 150 rests upon shelf 112. Circuit board 150comprises a planar upper surface 151 and circuitry 180 upon suchsurface. Circuitry 180 accordingly extends along a plane defined bysurface 151. Substrate 120 (shown in phantom) extends downwardly intoassembly 160. Accordingly, the surface 119 (FIG. 7) of substrate 120extends perpendicularly to the surface 151 of circuit board 150. As theloop of sensing circuitry 118 (FIG. 7) extends along a plane defined bysurface 119 (FIG. 7) of substrate 120, and as transponder circuitry 180extends along a plane of upper surface 151 of circuit board 150,transponder circuitry 180 extends along a plane perpendicular to theplane along which sensing loop 118 (FIG. 7) extends.

The construction of FIG. 8 can be simpler to use than that of prior artFIG. 3. Specifically, in both the construction of FIG. 8 and that ofFIG. 3, it is desirable to have transponder circuitry extendingsubstantially horizontally with a ground surface, and a loop ofconductive sensing material extending substantially downwardly into theground. The transponder circuitry is preferably horizontal to the groundsurface as such can enhance interaction of the transponder circuitrywith an interrogator signal. The loop of sensing conductive materialpreferably extends downwardly into the ground as such can provide anextended surface which can be attacked by infesting termites. In theprior art embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, any horizontal configuration ofthe printed wiring board 42 and vertical configuration of the conductivesensing loop 41 is accomplished by having a relatively long and flexiblesubstrate 40 bent within receptacle 14 (receptacle 14 is not shown inthe embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4). If the bend is too severe, circuitryof loop 41 (which is formed on substrate 40) will be broken.Accordingly, it is difficult to accomplish a horizontal orientation ofthe board 42 and a vertical orientation of conductive loop 41. Incontrast, the horizontal configuration of transponder circuitry 180 andvertical configuration of sensing loop 118 of the embodiment of FIGS.6-8 is accomplished by having the transponder circuitry connected tosensing loop 118 through a pair of prongs extending parallel to thesensing loop and perpendicular to the transponder circuitry.

Another embodiment of the present invention is described with referenceto FIGS. 9-12. Referring to FIG. 9, a termite sensing assembly 200 isshown in a disassembled view. Assembly 200 is similar to the assembly160 described above with reference to FIG. 6, in that assembly 200comprises a first wooden block 20, a second wooden block 22, a substrate120 having circuitry 118 provided thereon, and a circuit board 150.Assembly 200 differs from assembly 160 in that there is no provision ofa holder 110. Also, assembly 200 differs from assembly 160 in that aloop antenna 202 is illustrated as part of assembly 200. Loop antenna202 is configured to be used with transponder circuitry associated withboard 150.

Referring to FIG. 10, assembly 200 is shown assembled. Antenna 202 andcircuit board 150 rest on blocks 20 and 22, and substrate 120 isprovided between blocks 20 and 22. Prongs 134 and 136 extend upwardlyfrom substrate 120 and through orifices 152 and 154 (not shown) ofcircuit board 150. In the shown embodiment, an encapsulant 210 isprovided over circuitry (not shown) on circuit board 150 to cover andprotect such circuitry. In other embodiments (not shown) suchencapsulant can be replaced with other protective materials over board150, such as, for example, a molded cover. Prongs 132 and 134 can beadhered to the circuitry on circuit board 150 by solder. Such solder canalso adhere and electrically connect circuit board 150, antenna 202, andcircuitry 118 (FIG. 9) to one another. To further retain assembly 200together, blocks 20 and 22 can be fastened to one another with, forexample, staples or glue.

FIG. 11 illustrates a disassembled device 250 comprising the assembly200 of FIG. 10. Device 250 comprises a receptacle 14 and a lid 18configured to be provided over receptacle 14. Device 250 furthercomprises a holder 252 for holding assembly 200 within receptacle 14.Holder 252 comprises a strap 254 joined to a shelf 256. In operation,assembly 200 is placed on shelf 256 and within strap 254. Holder 252 andassembly 200 are then inserted into device 14. Assembly 200 rests onshelf 256 within receptacle 14. Subsequently, assembly 200 can bewithdrawn from receptacle 14 by pulling on strap 252. FIG. 12illustrates a cross-sectional view of an assembled device 250 insertedwithin the ground 12.

Another electrical apparatus encompassed by the present invention isshown in FIG. 13 as an apparatus 300. Apparatus 300 comprises atransponder portion 310 which can be removably coupled with a sensorportion 312. Transponder portion 310 comprises first substrate 302having a portion of an RFID circuitry, such as, for example, transpondercircuitry (not shown) supported thereby. Substrate 392 can comprise, forexample, a circuit board of the type described previously as circuitboard 150 in FIG. 8, and the transponder circuitry can be similar to thetransponder circuitry 180 described previously. An antenna 308 isproximate substrate 302, and comprises another portion of the RFIDcircuitry. Transponder portion 310 further comprises a vessel 330, andan encapsulant 332 (which can comprise, for example, an epoxy) withinthe vessel. Encapsulant 332 adheres a male connector 314 to substrate302, as well as adhering vessel 330 to substrate 302 and connector 314.In the shown embodiment, connector 314 comprises a peripheral sidewall315, and epoxy 332 extends at least partially along such peripheralsidewall.

Sensor portion 312 comprises a second substrate 304 having sensorcircuitry 306 supported thereby. Substrate 304 and sensor circuitry 306can comprise, for example, constructions similar to those describedabove with reference to substrate 120 and circuitry 118. Sensor portion312 further comprises a female connector 316 attached to substrate 304.The attachment can be accomplished with, for example, an adhesive (suchas, for example, glue or epoxy), or a mechanical fastener (such as, forexample, a screw or staple).

Transponder portion 310 is configured to be removable attachable withsensor portion 312 through male connector 314 and female connector 316.In the shown embodiment, male connector 314 is joined with firstsubstrate 302 and constitutes part of transponder portion 310, andfemale connector 316 is joined to second substrate 304 to constitutepart of sensor portion 312. It is to be understood, however, that therelative positions of male and female connectors 314 and 316 can bereversed, such that the female connector is associated with transponderportion 310 and the male connector is associated with sensor portion312. It is also to be understood that the shown utilization of a maleconnector and a female connector is an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, and that other coupling mechanisms can be utilizedfor removably attaching transponder portion 310 to sensor portion 312.Such other mechanisms will generally utilize a receiving structureassociated with one of the RFID circuitry and sensor circuitry (with theshown receiving structure being female connector 316), and a connectingstructure associated with the other of the RFID circuitry and the sensorcircuitry (with the shown connecting structure being the male connector314). Other connecting structure/receiving structure pairs besides theshown male connector/female connector embodiment include, for example,so-called hook and loop connections (i.e. VELCRO™), clamps, screws, andreadily broken adhesive couplings.

The female connector 316 of the shown embodiment can be considered areceptacle having orifices 318 and 320 extending therein, and the maleconnector 314 can be considered an electrical plug having electricalextensions (i.e., prongs) 322 and 324 extending therefrom. Thus in theshown embodiment, transponder portion 310 comprises an RFID/plugassembly and sensor portion 312 comprises a sensor/receptacle assembly.Prongs 322 and 324 are complementary with orifices 318 and 320 of thereceptacle such that prongs 322 and 324 extend through orifices 318 and320 to electrically connect with circuitry 306. In the shown embodiment,conductive pads 326 and 328 are provided on circuitry 306 and beneathorifices 318 and 320, respectively, to electrically connect with ends ofprongs 322 and 324. Although the shown embodiment utilizes a receptaclehaving two orifices therein, and an electrical plug having two prongsextending therefrom, it is to be understood that the inventionencompasses other embodiments (not shown) wherein other than 2 orificesextend into a receptacle, and wherein other than two prongs extend froman electrical plug. For instance, the invention encompasses embodimentswherein at least one orifice extends into the receptacle, and wherein atleast one prong extends from a plug. Also, it is to be understood thatalthough the invention utilizes a plug having the same number of prongsas there are orifices in a complementary receptacle, the inventionencompasses other embodiments (not shown) wherein the plug encompasses adifferent number of prongs than there are orifices provided in thereceptacle. Further, it is to be understood that although the prongs areshown extending into orifices in a receptacle, the invention encompassesother embodiments (not shown) wherein the prongs extend around areceptacle to effectively clamp the receptacle between the prongs.

Receptacle 316 can comprise one or both of a conductive and insulativematerial. In preferred embodiments, receptacle 316 comprises a mass ofelectrically insulative material, such as, for example, a mass ofplastic. Orifices 318 and 320 extend through the mass, and are linedwith an electrically conductive material 319, such as, for example, acopper film.

In operation, sensor portion 312 can be placed between a pair of woodenblocks (such as the blocks 20 and 22 discussed above) and utilized forsensing the presence of termites. Preferably, conductive material 306will comprise a material which can be removed by termites, such as, forexample, the materials described above for conductive loop 118. Thetransponder circuitry of transponder portion 310 is electricallyconnected with loop 306 by inserting prongs 322 and 324 into orifices318 and 320. The transponder circuitry is configured to emit, a firstsignal if conductive loop 306 is intact, and to emit a second signal,different from the first, if conductive loop 306 is broken. Accordingly,if termites remove sufficient material from conductive loop 306 to breakthe loop, a signal from the transponder circuitry changes to indicatethe broken loop, and accordingly, the presence of termites. It is notedthat although the shown conductive loop 306 is a single loop ofconductive material, other constructions for the conductive loop can beutilized, such as, for example, the constructions described, in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/373,892.

Once conductive loop 306 is broken, transponder portion 310 can beremoved from sensor portion 306, and reused with a new sensor portion.Accordingly, the removable coupling of transponder portion 310 withsensor portion 312 enables transponder portion 310 to be reused after asensor portion 312 is rendered inoperable. Such can save expense byenabling a single transponder portion to be used multiple times. Anotheradvantage of the removable coupling of transponder portion 310 withsensor portion 312 is that such can simplify transport of termitesensing apparatus 300 to the field, relative to the transport of othertermite sensing apparatuses. Specifically, such can enable sensorportion 312 to be transported to the field separately from transponderportion 310, and can enable both the sensor portion 312 and thetransponder portion 310 to be constructed as relatively robust separatepackages. In contrast, in embodiments in which transponder portion 310is not provided to be removably attached to sensor portion 312, therecan be a weak connection between transponder circuitry and sensorcircuitry which can break during transport of a termite sensingapparatus. The relative robust separate packaging of transpondercircuitry 310 and sensor circuitry 312 of the apparatus 300 of FIG. 13can alleviate the problems associated with a weak connection in othertermite sensing apparatuses.

Another embodiment transponder portion 310 a is shown in FIG. 14. Indescribing the embodiment of FIG. 14, similar numbering will be utilizedas was used in describing the embodiment of FIG. 13, with the suffix “a”used to refer to structures shown in FIG. 14. Transponder portion 310 acomprises a circuit support substrate 302 a, and an antenna 308 a,electrically connected to transponder circuitry (not shown) supported bycircuit support 302 a. A receptacle 316 a is joined to support 302 a.Note that in the embodiment of FIG. 14, unlike the embodiment of FIG.13, the receptacle is joined to the transponder portion, rather than tothe sensor portion, so that transponder portion 310 a comprises anRFID/receptacle assembly.

Orifices 318 a and 320 a extend into receptacle 316 a and are configuredto receive prongs from a plug (not shown) joined with a sensor portion(not shown). Receptacle 316 can comprise, for example, a commerciallyavailable electronic connector, with copper traces lining orifices 318 aand 320 a. Transponder portion 310 a comprises a vessel 330 a, and anencapsulant 332 a (which can comprise, for example, an epoxy) within thevessel and adhering receptacle 316 a to substrate 302 a, as well asadhering vessel 330 a to substrate 302 a and receptacle 316 a. Antenna308 a can be adhered to circuitry on support 302 a, and can be furtheradhered to support 302 a through epoxy 332 a.

Receptacle 316 a comprises a peripheral outer sidewall 317 a andencapsulant 332 a extends at least partially along such peripheral outersidewall.

A method of forming transponder portion 310 a is described withreference to FIGS. 15 and 16. Referring to FIG. 15, antenna 308 a andcircuit support 302 a are provided within vessel 330 a (vessel 330 a canbe, for example, a potting shell), and receptacle 316 a is providedthereover. Subsequently, liquid epoxy 332 a is provided over circuitsupport 302 a, antenna 308 a, and at least a portion of sidewalls 317 a,a receptacle 316 a, and allowed to cure. Epoxy 332 a then forms anencapsulant adhering receptacle 316 a to antenna 308 a and circuitsupport 302 a. It is noted that vessel 330 a can be lined with a releaselayer (such as, for example, an oil) so that epoxy 332 a does not adhereto vessel 330 a. Accordingly, a structure comprising the cured epoxy 332a, receptacle 316 a, circuit support 302 a and coil 308 a can be removedfrom within vessel 330 a. Alternatively, no release layer can beprovided, and epoxy 332 a can be utilized to adhere vessel 330 a tostructure 316 a, 302 a and 308 a. The particular material utilized forvessel 330 a can determine whether it is advantageous to leave thevessel adhered to structures 316 a, 302 a and 308 a, or to remove thevessel. For instance, if vessel 330 a comprises a conductive material,such as, for example, a metal, it can be advantageous to remove thevessel so that the conductive material does not interfere with theperformance of antenna 308 a. Alternatively, if vessel 330 a comprisesan insulative material, such as, for example, a plastic, it can beadvantageous to leave the vessel adhered to structures 316 a, 302 a and308 a, as such simplifies fabrication of transponder portion 310 a, andthe adhered vessel provides a protective cap over structures 316 a, 302a and 308 a.

A top view of the FIG. 15 construction is shown in FIG. 16. Such topview illustrates an exemplary construction of receptacle 316 a whereinthe receptacle comprises an end in the shape of a long and thinrectangle. It is noted that although in the shown embodiment an entiretyof circuit support 302 a and antenna 308 a are within vessel 330 a, andonly a portion of receptacle 316 is within vessel 330 a, the inventionencompasses other configurations. For instance, the inventionencompasses embodiments wherein an entirety of receptacle 316 a isreceived within vessel 330 a (i.e., where an uppermost surface ofreceptacle 316 a in the FIG. 15 view is beneath an uppermost surface ofvessel of 330 a), as well as embodiments wherein only portions of one orboth of circuit support 302 a and antenna 308 a are received withinvessel 330 a.

In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described inlanguage more or less specific as to structural and methodical features.It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited tothe specific features shown and described, since the means hereindisclosed comprise preferred forms of putting the invention into effect.The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms ormodifications within the proper scope of the appended claimsappropriately interpreted in accordance with the doctrine ofequivalents.

1. An electrical apparatus comprising: RFID circuitry on a firstsubstrate; sensor circuitry on a second substrate; a receiving structureassociated with one of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry; atleast one connecting structure associated with the other of the RFIDcircuitry and the sensor circuitry and removably received within thereceiving structure; and wherein the sensor circuitry comprises a loopof conductive material removable by termites and is thereby configuredto sense the presence of termites; the conductive material including oneor both of carbon particles and metal particles.
 2. The apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein the conductive material comprises acarbon-particle-containing ink.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein theconductive material comprises silver particles.
 4. An electricalapparatus comprising: RFID circuitry on a first substrate; sensorcircuitry on a second substrate; a receptacle associated with one of theRFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry, the receptacle having at leastone orifice extending therein; at least one extension associated withthe other of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry and removablyinserted within the receptacle; and wherein the second substratecomprises foam, wherein the circuitry on the second substrate comprisesa conductive carbon-containing material which can be removed bytermites, and wherein the RFID circuitry is configured to send adifferent signal to an interrogator if at least some of the conductivematerial has been removed than if none of the conductive material isremoved.
 5. A method of forming an electrical apparatus, comprising:providing a first substrate having RFID circuitry thereon; providing asecond substrate having sensing circuitry thereon; joining a receptaclewith one of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry, the receptaclehaving at least one orifice extending therein; and joining at least oneprong with the other of the RFID circuitry and the sensor circuitry;removably inserting the prong within the receptacle to electricallyconnect the RFID circuitry with the sensing circuitry; and wherein thesecond substrate comprises foam, wherein the circuitry on the secondsubstrate comprises a conductive material which can be removed bytermites, the conductive material comprising one or both of carbonparticles and metal particles; and wherein the RFID circuitry isconfigured to send a different signal to an interrogator if at leastsome of the conductive material has been removed than if none of theconductive material is removed.
 6. The method of claim 5 wherein thereceptacle is joined to the first substrate and the prong is joined tothe second substrate; and if the RFID circuitry is sending a signalindicative of at least some of the conductive material having beenremoved, further comprising: removing the RFID circuitry from thesensing circuitry by detaching the prong from the receptacle, andinserting an other prong into the receptacle, said other prong beingjoined to an other second substrate having an other sensing circuitrythereon.
 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the prong is joined to thefirst substrate and the receptacle is joined to the second substrate;and if the RFID circuitry is sending a signal indicative of at leastsome of the conductive material having been removed, further comprising:removing the RFID circuitry from the sensing circuitry by detaching theprong from the receptacle, and inserting the prong into an otherreceptacle, said other receptacle being joined to an other secondsubstrate having an other sensing circuitry thereon.
 8. The method ofclaim 5 wherein the conductive material comprises carbon particles. 9.The method of claim 5 wherein the conductive material comprises silverparticles.